Liberal figures for French, Italian, Spanish and German

This post is here simply to deal with a difficulty in embedding links in a article published in Journal of Contextual Economics. The article provides a link to this one page, where, below one finds links for the Ngram Viewer in four languages:

The Google Books Ngram Viewer also has French, Italian, Spanish, and German, and it is plain that Britain exported the “liberal” political expressions to the Continent. The expressions in English, “liberal policy,” etc., came to the French, Italian, Spanish, and German, but some 25 years after they had already started up in English. In Figure 6, the panels are small but 1790 is marked clearly in each. To see the details better, click links in Sources, below the image. The Smithian connections to take-up in these countries, as well as Sweden, are of great interest but beyond the compass of this article.

Figure 6: French, Italian, Spanish, and German for “liberal” expressions, 1755–1830

Sources: French here; Italian here; Spanish here; German here.